Competitive Education Research Journal

Regulation of Broadcast media in Pakistan, UK, and Malaysia; A Comparative analysis

Yasir Aleem, Muhammad Zahid Rafique, Muhammad Umar — 2021-12-15

Regulation of broadcast media is an important and vital aspect of freedom of expression of broadcast media. However, in Pakistan it is asserted that broadcast media is heavily controlled as well as regulated and there is very little or no space for media freedom in the country. This article examines this contention of heavy regulations by making a comparison of regulatory systems of UK, Malaysia, and Pakistan. Doctrinal Comparative legal research method is adopted in this short study. Socio-legal research approach is also applied to further support comparative legal research method. Under socio-legal research method three experts were interviewed. This study discovers that Pakistan lacks in several key areas of regulation of broadcast media as compared to the UK and Malaysia. This study further concluded that assertion of heavy regulation is completely misconstrued. These issues have seriously affected the prospects of effective regulation of broadcast media in the country. At the end this article articulated future implications of broadcast media regulation.

INTEGRATION OF MOBILE LEARNING IN BALTISTAN REGION: A CASE OF SECONDARY TEACHERS’ READINESS

Lala Rukh, Muhammad Zafar Iqbal, Jahan Ara Shams — 2021-12-29

Mobile-learning techniques show new horizons in the field of education that enhance a m more learner centered pedagogical approach to a more specific teacher-centered. Knowing teachers' readiness for Mobile Learning could enable a more successful integration. This study aims to investigate the readiness for mobile learning integration among Baltistan Regions teachers. In order to investigate teachers’ readiness toward mobile learning, the Mobile Learning Readiness Survey (MLRS) developed by Christensen and Knezek (2017) was utilized. The results of this study showed Secondary School teachers’ mobile learning readiness was high in general. Secondary school teachers’ readiness of possibilities and benefits were high as compared to preferences and external influences. This study would present the information for the administration about teachers’ readiness to integrate mobile learning. The study also recommends the policy makers that the teachers be given sufficient training on how to use mobile learning into teaching and learning processes to acquire the requisite knowledge and skills in integrating the technology in classrooms.

ASSESSING THE LEVELS OF SELF EFFICACY OF TRADITIONAL AND MODERN MADRASA STUDENTS OF SECONDARY LEVEL: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Hafiz Nasarullah Mujahid,, Muhammad Faisal Farid, Sabeen Qamar — 2021-12-28

This study explored the self-efficacy beliefs of students in traditional and modern madrasas at Aama level. Self-efficacy of traditional and modern madrasa students was compared to observe the variation in self-efficacy in their educational context and also determine the usefulness of modernizing tendencies dominating among modern madrasas. The study was quantitative in nature, so a survey design was used to obtain data from the participants. The sample consisted of 300 students of traditional and modern madrasas that were taken purposefully. For quantitative data collection, 28 items measuring the self-efficacy beliefs were prepared, measuring four aspects of self-efficacy belief such as academic, emotional, general and social. To ensure the content validity, experts opinion was obtained. The Cronbach-alpha value was 0.86. The findings of this study described that a significant difference was present in self-efficacy between students from traditional and modern madrasas. It was found that the students from modern madrasas had higher self-efficacy than the students from traditional madrasas. The findings also revealed that different types of madrasa environments had an effect on student self-efficacy, students of modern madrasas having higher in domains of learning, emotional, social, and general self-efficacies than the students of traditional madrasas. It is suggested that the programs of guidance and counselling should be encouraged in madrasas. Teacher training programs should also be encouraged in madrasas. There should be all round development of madrasa students including physical, social and emotional. Government should play its role in contemporary education in all madrasas irrespective of modernism and traditionalism

The War on Terror and US Foreign Policy: The Transition from Obama’s Af-Pak Policy to Trump’s Negotiations with the Taliban

Aamer Raza, Muhammad Atif, Muhammad Hussain, Muaaz Sayed — 2021-12-27

The main question this paper answer is: To what extent is Obama’s Afghan policy a departure from or an extension of his predecessor’s legacy regarding Afghanistan? To answer the question, the paper is divided into three main sections: The first section presents a brief historical background of the US policy towards Afghanistan, starting with the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan. The second section deals with the policies of the Bush administration towards Afghanistan after September 11, including its conduct of war. The third and most detailed section looks into the Obama administration’s policies toward the Afghan War. The focus of this section remains on highlighting the main trends in the US-Afghan policy during the Obama years. The paper does not detail the merits or demerits of Bush’s or Obama’s approach to the Afghan War. The intent is to merely highlight the existence of a different Afghan policy during the Obama years.

Metadiscursive Practices: A Corpus-Based Study of Attitude Markers in the Abstracts of Pakistani Ph.D. Theses of Pure Sciences and Social Sciences

Tuba Mubeen, Nida Ali — 2021-12-28

This study attempts to compare and analyze the use of attitude markers in Ph.D. theses from two disciplines of Social and Pure Sciences written in English. The study aims to find and observe the types of attitude markers employed by the researchers of Social and Pure Sciences. It has also tried to explore how the researchers of these disciplines clarify their stance through the use of attitude markers. The corpus of this study contains 100 published theses taken from the HEC website. The sub-corpora contain 50 theses of Pure Science (Physics, Chemistry, Biology Medicine & Health, and Botany and 50 theses of Social Science (English Linguistics, Education, Economics, History, Sociology, and Anthropology). The frequencies of attitude markers have been counted and compared. A mixed method approach (qualitative and quantitative) has been employed. It has been analyzed that the scholars of Social Science use more attitude markers in their writings as compared to scholars of Pure Sciences. By using the attitude markers scholars can not only indicate their presence in the text but also show their opinions, feelings, and personal point of view in their writing.

US WITHDRAWAL AND POST 9/11 APPROACHES IN AFGHANISTAN

Muhammad Ali Khan, Adeeba Sehrish, Zuhaib Ali, Sohrab Ahmed Marri — 2021-12-26

Following the withdrawal of the United States from Afghanistan, the discussion centres on why the United States' longest and most costly military intervention in Afghanistan failed to defeat the Taliban and construct a lasting state. Various elements, both internal and external, are considered in this discussion, including US and Taliban strategies as well as regional and extra-regional actors' contributions to the conclusion of the Afghan conflict. Because of these flaws and inconsistencies, this study focuses on US plans for Afghanistan, including military force, political settlement, and state-building. It also reviews US efforts in Afghanistan under four administrations – from Bush to Biden – to see why these methods were ineffectual in dealing with the war in Afghanistan. The theoretical framework of Game Theory has been used to analyse these tactics. US strategies for entering Afghanistan were disconnected from the ground reality, according to this report, and thus accounted for the failure of the conflict's intended conclusion.

Effect of Language Proficiency on Bilinguals’ Processing of Regular Past Tense Inflections in Second Language

Ahmar Jahanzeb — 2021-11-29

The study aimed at finding out how Pakistani non-native users process morphologically complex words in English. The study employed a masked priming experiment involving 39 (17 female and 22 male) Pakistani non-native users of English. The participants were divided into 3 groups (13 each according to their proficiency levels in English. The experiment contained items with the same primes and targets, items with completely unrelated primes and targets, and items with regular past tense inflections as primes and their uninflected forms as targets. The results show that full priming effects took place in case of the same primes and targets whereas no priming effect was witnessed in case of the unrelated primes and targets across all the items in all the three groups. Partial priming was observed in the items involving past tense inflections. However, the partial priming effect was limited only to the high proficiency group and the low and the medium proficiency groups did not show any priming effects. This confirms that L2 processing becomes more native-like as the users attain a higher level of proficiency in the second language which means that proficiency in L2 is the key factor in processing.

THE TRANSGENDER PERSONS (PROTECTION OF RIGHTS) ACT 2018: A SHARIAH APPRAISAL OF SELF-PERCEIVED GENDER IDENTITY WITH SPECIFIC REFERENCE TO RIGHT OF INHERITANCE

Hafiz Muhammad Siddique,Afrasiab Ahmed Rana — 2021-12-29

The transgender community is considered deprived of fundamental rights around the world. Pakistan, being an Islamic state, introduced an enactment to protect the rights of transgender people. The existing leading legislation has violated many Islamic injunctions in the name of transgender protection. The current study at hand aims to analyse the legislation titled Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act 2018 in the context of Islamic injunctions. Firstly, this paper discusses the context of the legislation and analyses the sections of the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act 2018. The main purpose of the current research is to examine transgender legislation from the Islamic perspective with special reference to their right to inheritance. This paper also intends to explore the fundamental shariah principles for the perception of gender identity. This research focuses on the right of self-perceived gender identity and the right of inheritance in Islamic law and the legal system of Pakistan. This paper concludes that the existing legislation on transgender persons is not in accordance with the injunctions of Islam and needs some amendments.

Exploring Job Satisfaction among Pakistani EFL Teachers

Muhammad Younas, Beenish Pervaiz, Zahida Javed — 2021-12-30

This study tries to investigate the elements that affect Pakistani English Language Teachers' job satisfaction. The variables that boost job happiness include job security, workplace flexibility and fairness, handsome salaries and rewards, job autonomy, and leadership behaviours that are supportive of the work environment. On the other side, the absence of these factors results in teacher dissatisfaction. The research has a quantitative design. No of their age, gender, amount of experience, or sector, 500 English language teachers were given questionnaires to complete. At the conclusion of this study, several recommendations are made regarding the job satisfaction of English language teachers based on the findings.

IMPOSITION OF PARENTAL CAREER CHOICES ON THEIR CHILDREN IN QUAID-I-AZAM UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

Maryam Kanwal, Dr. Abida Sharif, Dr. Imran Sabir — 2021-12-29

The study aims to identify the effects of the parental imposition of career choices on the children's satisfaction level and to determine the factors on which parents impose careers on their children. The literature review has covered an overview of parental influence on children's career selection, the effects of parental influence on career choices, and the factors which influence the career selection of an individual. A qualitative research methodology has been adopted to gather detailed information by conducting in-depth interviews. At the same time, the sampling method was stratified from the different departments of Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad with a sample of 20 students, and the data were analyzed with the help of MAXQD 12. Discoveries from the study reveal that there exists a variety of factors on the bases of which careers are imposed on children, including gender, socioeconomic background, parents' education level, single parenting, marriage, number of children, financial dependency, death, injury and illness in a family it is also found that imposed careers lead to dissatisfaction among students in their future life

Examining Mediating Effect of Customer Satisfaction among Factors of Service Quality and Purchase Intention

Muhammad Saleem Ashraf, Jawad Ali, Muhammad Kashif Khan, Muhammad Aslam — 2021-12-29

The main purpose of this study is to examine the effect of service quality factors like physical environment, tangibility and reliability on purchase intention through mediating role of customer Satisfaction. This study was cross sectional and quantitative in nature. The data of the present study was collected from the customers working in Islamic banks of Pakistan. For data collection researcher adopted convenience sampling technique. The usable response rate of study was more than 53%. The collected data was analyzed using smart PLS. the findings of the study revealed that service quality factors have direct significant effect on purchase intention and customer satisfaction. Moreover, mediating role of customer satisfaction was also supported in the study. The findings of the study are helpful for policymakers and academicians for future studies.

Curriculum Management and Supervision at Primary Schools

Sidra Bano — 2021-12-30

The study's goal is to analyze and compare the practices of principals/heads and opinion of teachers on the approaches used by principals in implementing the educational programme utilizing Hellinger's Instructional Leadership Model. The study also tries to find the answer if there are any differences between principals’ self-reported practices and teachers opinion about those self-reported practices. As an instructional leader, principal’s practices are of significant importance for an effective school system. The study participants include all the principals/heads and teachers of both public and private sector primary schools in the Lahore district. Due to time constraints data was collected from 100 principals and 100 teachers using a researcher made questionnaires for principals and teachers. The 11 items questionnaire was bead on 5 point Likert type scale. The validity was established through expert opinion while reliability for both the tools were .891 and .824 respectively. The findings revealed some disparities between the perceptions of principals and teachers towards managing the instructional program, with both descriptive and inferential statistical methods employed. The findings reflect that both teachers and principals have agreement on certain practices of instructional leader’s self-reported practices about managing instructional programs at schools.