Effect of Self-Efficacy on students' achievement in Science
Keywords:
Self-Efficacy, Students' achievement, scienceAbstract
The study aimed to analyze the effect of self-efficacy on students’ achievement in science. The population of the study was consisted of 10th grade science students of govt. secondary and higher secondary schools of district Okara Punjab province. A total of 811 students were selected as a sample from the population. The research tool; Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Children (SEQC) was adapted to use. The data was collected by the researcher himself with the permission of heads of all 24 schools. The process of data collection
started in December 2013 and completed in February 2014. The results of the study indicated that female science students had lower self-efficacy than male students.. Furthermore, students of urban localities had higher self-efficacy than students of rural localities. There were no significant differences in self efficacy on the basis of mother tongues (Punjabi, Urdu and Others).
References
Abbas, F., Jalil, M. K., Zaki, H. N., & Irfan, F. (2020). Implicit measure of language attitude: study of Punjabi native speakers by using matched guise technique. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 13(1), 194-206.
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Bandura, A. (1994). Self-efficacy. In V. S. Ramachaudran (Ed.), Encyclopedia of human behavior (Vol. 4, pp. 71-81). New York: Academic Press. (Reprinted in H. Friedman [Ed.], Encyclopedia of mental health. San Diego: Academic Press, 1998).
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W.H. Freemanand Company.
Bandura, A., Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G. V., & Pastorelli, C. (1996). Multifaceted impact of self-efficacy beliefs on academic functioning. Child Development, 67, 1206-1222.
Bandura, A., Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G. V., & Pastorelli, C. (2001). Self-efficacy beliefs as shapers of children’s aspirations and career trajectories. Child Development, 72 (1), 187-206.
Baumeister, R. F., Campbell, J. D., Krueger, J. I., & Vohs, K. D. (2003). Does high self-esteem cause better performance, interpersonal success, happiness, or healthier lifestyles? Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 4, 1–44.
Betz, N.E, & Hackett, G. (1981). The Relationship of career-related self-efficacy expectations to perceived career options in college women and men. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 28, 399-410
Bong, M. (2001). Between-and within-domain relations of academic motivation among middle and high school students: Self-efficacy, task-value, and achievement goals. Journal of Educational Psychology, 93, 23-34.
Bong, M., & Skaalvik E. M. (2003). Academic Self-Concept and Self-Efficacy: How Different Are They Really? Educational Psychology Review, 15, 1-40.
Borkowski, J. G. (1985). Signs of intelligence: Strategy generalization and metacognition. In S. Yussen (Ed.), The growth of reflection in children (pp. 105-144). New York: Academic.
Britner, S.L., & Pajares, F. (2001). Self-efficacy beliefs, motivation, race, and gender in middle school science. Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering, 7, 271–285.
Brown, S.D., Lent, R.W., & Larkin, K.C. (1989). Self-efficacy as a moderator of scholastic aptitude – Academic performance relationships. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 35, 64-75.
Abbas, F., Anjum, K., & Pasha, S. B. (2019). Speech act of apology by Pakistani English speakers through the theory of politeness. The Dialogue, 14(2), 196-213.
Abbas, F., Jalil, M. K., & Rehman, Z. (1819). The Status of Punjabi language in the province of Punjab, Pakistan. Dialogue, 6462(14), 2, 255-264.
Bhatti, A.M., Abbas, F. & Rana, A.M.K. (2020). An Empirical study of learning styles used by undergraduate English learners in public sector colleges in Pakistan. Elementary Education Online 19 (3), 1864-1864.
Chohan, M. N., Abbas, F., & Saleem, M. (2018). CALL as a tool in teaching EFL in Pakistani religious institutes (Madaris): A survey of issues and challenges. Al Qalam, 23(1), 355-368.
Chemers, M.M., Hu, L., & Garcia, B.F. (2001). Academic self-efficacy and first-year college student performance and adjustment. Journal of Educational Psychology, 93, 1, 55-64.
Crow, L.D. and Crow., (1969). Adolescent development and adjustment. McGraw–Hill Book Company, United States.
DeBacker, T. K., & Nelson, R. M. (1999). Variations on an expectancy-value model of motivation in science. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 24, 71-94.
Dolbier, L. CH.,. Jaggars, S. Sh and Steinhardt, A. M., (2009). Stress related growth: pre intervention correlates and change following a resilience intervention.
Dunn-Rankin, P. (1983). Scaling Methods.London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Eccles, J. S., Adler, T. F.,with the assistance of, Futterman, R., Goff, S. B., Kaczala, C. M., Meece, J. L., & Midgley, C. (1983). Expectancies, values and academic behaviors. In J. T. Spence (Ed.), Achievement and achievement motives (pp. 75–146). San Francisco: W.H. Freemen.
Eccles, J. S., Wigfield, A., & Schiefele, U. (1998). Motivation to succeed. In: Damon, W. (Series ed.) and Eisenberg, N. (Vol. ed.). Handbook of Child Psychology. Vol. 3: Social, Emotional, and Personality Development (5th Ed.). Wiley, New York, pp. 1017-1095.
Garcia, T., Yu, S. L., & Coppola, B. P. (1993). Women and minorities in science: Motivational and cognitive correlates of achievement. Ann Arbor, Michigan. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED359235).
Good, C. V. (1973). Dictionary of Education. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Graham, S., & Weiner, B. (1996). Theories and principles of motivation. In D. Berliner & R. C. Calfee (Eds.), Handbook of educational psychology (pp. 63-84). New York: Macmillan.
Greene, B. A., & Miller, R. B. (1996). Girls’ math / science education. (1998, January). The Education Digest, 63, 42-48. Influences on achievement: Goals, perceived ability, and cognitive engagement. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 21, 181-192.
Greene, B.A., Miller, R.B., Crowson, M., Duke, B.L., & Akey, K.L. (2004). Predicting high school students’ cognitive engagement and achievement: Contributions of classroom perceptions and motivation. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 29, 462-482.
Gwilliam, L.R., & Betz, N.E. (2001). Validity of measures of math- and sciencerelated self-efficacy for African Americans and European Americans. Journal of Career Assessment, 9, 261–281.
Harter, S. (1999). The construction of the self: A developmental perspective. New York: Guilford Press.
Hill, O.W., Pettus, W.C, & Hedin, B.A. (1990). Three studies of Factors affecting the attitudes of blacks and females towards the purisit of science and science related careers. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 27, 289-314
Hwang, Y. S., and Vrongistinos,K (2002). Elementary in-service teachers' learning strategies related to their academic achievements. Journal of Instructional Psychology 29(3): 147-154.
Iqbal, A., Ali, M.S., Abbas, F., Shah, M.A.H. & Anjum, S. (2020). A Study of Work Family Conflict among Elementary School Teachers. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change 14 (10), 198 - 209.
Jackson, J. W. (2002). Enhancing self-efficacy and learning performance. The Journal of Experimental Education, 70, 243-255.
Kennedy, H. L. (1996). Science learning: A self-efficacy study in higher education. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Southern California, 1996). Dissertation Abstracts International, 57 (7A), 2856.
Kupermintz, H. (2002). Affective and conative factors as aptitude resources in high school science achievement. Educational Assessment, 8, 123–137.
Lane, J., & Lane, A. (2001). Self-efficacy and academic performance. Social Behavior and Personality, 29, 687-694.
Langeland, E, A.K. Wahl , K. Kristoffersen , and B.R. Hanestad. (2007). ―Promoting coping: salutogenesis among people with mental health problems. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 28(3): 275-95. Bergen University College, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bergen, Norway.
Lau, S., & Roeser, R.W. (2002). Cognitive abilities and motivational processes in high school students’ situational engagement and achievement in science. Educational Assessment, 8, 139–162.
Lent, R.W., Brown, S.D., & Larkin, K.C. (1984). Relation of self-efficacy expectations to academic achievement and persistence. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31, 356–362.
Lent, R.W., Brown, S.D., & Larkin, K.C. (1986). Self-efficacy in perdiction of academic performance and perceived career options. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31, 356–362.
Lent, R.W., Brown, S.D., & Gore, P.A., Jr. (1997). Discriminant and predictive validity of academic self-concept, academic self-efficacy, and mathematics specific self-efficacy. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 44, 307–315.
Lau, S., & Roeser, R.W. (2002). Cognitive abilities and motivational processes in high school students’ situational engagement and achievement in science. Educational Assessment, 8, 139–162.
Liem Darmanegara,A Lau,S, Nie,Y. The role of self-efficacy, task value, and achievement goals in predicting learning strategies, task disengagement, peer relationship, and achievement outcome,Contemporary Educational Psychology 33 (2008) 486–512
Luzzo, D.A., Hasper, P., Albert, K.A., Bibby, M.A., & Martinelli, E.A., Jr. (1999). Effects of self-efficacy-enhancing interventions on the mathematics/science self-efficacy and career interests, goals, and actions of career undecided college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 46, 233–243.
Ahmed, S. (2017). Stylistic analysis the English translations of Surah Rehman: A comparative study of multiple sources. Al Qalam, 22(1), 458-467.
Ahmed, S. N., Abbas, F., & Qureshi, A. M. (2021). The use of social-networking sites in English language education: An exploratory study using SWOT analysis technique. PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION, 58(1), 4640-4650.
Manning, M. A., Bear, G. G., & Minke, K. M. (2006). Self-concept and self-esteem. In G. G. Bear & K. M. Minke (Eds.), Children’s needs III: Development, prevention, and intervention (pp. 341– 356). Washington, DC: National Association of School Psychologists.
Marsh, H.W., Walker, R., & Debus, R. (1991). Subject-specific components of academic self-concept and self-efficacy. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 16, 331-345.
Marsh, H. W. (1999). Academic Self Description Questionnaire - I: ASDQ I. University of Western Sydney, Self-concept Enhancement and Learning Facilitation Research Centre. Macarthur, Australia.
McKenzie, K., Gow, K and R Schweitzer, R (2004). Exploring first-year academic achievement through structural equation modeling. Higher Education Research and Development 23(1), 95-112.
Bhatti, A. M., Parveen, S., & Ali, R. (2017). Integration of speaking and writing skills for better grades: perception of graduate students in Pakistani public sector colleges. International Journal of Research and Development in Social Science (IJRDS), 3(2). 1-14.
Multon, K. D., Brown, S. D., & Lent, R. W. (1991). Relation of self-efficacy beliefs to academic outcomes: A meta-analytic investigation. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 38, 30-38.
Midgley, C., & Urdan, T. (1995). Predictors of middle school students’ use of self-handicapping strategies. Journal of Early Adolescence, 15, 389-411.
Middleton, M. J., & Midgley, C. (1997). Avoiding the demonstration of lack of ability: An underexplored aspect of goal theory. Journal of Educational Psychology, 89, 710-718.
Miller, R. B., Greene, B. A., Montalvo, G. P., Ravindran, B., & Nichols, J. D. (1996). Engagement in academic work: The role of learning goals, future consequences, pleasing others, and perceived ability. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 21, 388-422.
Muris, P. (2001). A brief questionnaire for measuring self-efficacy in youths. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 23, 145-149.
Azim, M. U., Bhatti, A. M., Hussain, Z., & Iqbal, M. (2018). Culturally oriented textbooks and English Language Teachers. Hamdard Islamicus, 41(4), 301-317.
Rana, A. M. K., Bhatti, A. M., & Abbas, F. (2020). Perceptions of Punjabi speakers towards English language teaching policies in Pakistan: A systematic approach. Journal of Talent Development and Excellence, 12(1), 6257-6272.
Abbas, F., Rana, A. M. K., & Marghoob Ahmad, M. K. (2020). Historical development of Punjabi language in pre-post independent Pakistan and the future predictions. PalArch's Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, 17(8), 825-833.
Abbas, F., Farid, M. F., Iqbal, A., & Parveen, S. (2020). Impact of Using Newspapers Reading in Improving English Reading Proficiency: A Study of Pakistani University Students. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 14(10), 223-232.
Nazir, S., Abbas, F., & Naz, F. (2020). Historical development of orthography in English and impact of computer-mediated communication (CMC) on the emerging orthographic patterns in English. PalArch's Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, 17(11), 162-175.
Pajares, F. (1996). Self-Efficacy Beliefs in Academic Settings. Review of Educational Research, 66(4), 543-578.
Pajares, F., Miller, M.D., & Johnson, M. J. (1999). Gender differences in writing self-beliefs of elementary school students. Educational Psychology, 91, 50-61.
Pajares, F., Britner, S.L.,&Valiante, G. (2000). Relation between achievement goals and selfbeliefs of middle school students in writing and science. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 406–422.
Pajares, F., & Schunk, H. D. (2001). Self-beliefs and school success: Self-efficacy, self concept, and school achievement. In R. Riding & S. Rayner (Eds.), Perception (pp. 239-266). London: Ablex. Retrieved April 3, 2006, from http://www.des.emory.edu/mfp/PajaresSchunk2001.html
Pajares, F. (1996). Assessing self-efficacy beliefs and academic outcomes: The case for specificity and correspondence. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New York.
Pajares, F. (2003). Self-efficacy beliefs, motivation, and achievement in writing: A review of the literature. Reading and Writing Quarterly, 19, 139-158.
Pajares, F. (2000). Against the odds: Self-efficacy beliefs of women in mathematical, scientific, and technological careers. American Educational Research Journal 37: 215-246.
Pintrich, P. R., and DeGroot, E. V. (1990). Motivational and self-regulated learning components of classroom academic performance. Journal of Educational Psychology 82: 33-40.
Pintrich, P. R., & Schunk, D. H. (1995). Motivation in education: Theory, research, and applications. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Pintrich, P. R. (1999). The Role of Motivation in promoting and sustaining Sel-Regulated Learning. International Journal of Educational Research, 31, 459-470
Post, P., Steward, M.A., & Smith, P.L. (1991). Self-efficacy, interest, and consideration of math/science and non-math/science occupations among Black freshmen. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 38, 179-186.
Post-Kammer, P., & Smith, P.L. (1991). Sex differences in math and science career self-efficacy among disadvantaged students. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 29, 89-101.
Pressley, M., Borkowski, J. G. and Schneider, W. (1987). Cognitive strategies: Good strategy users coordinate metacognition and knowledge. Annals of Child Development, 4, 89-129.
Rana, R. A. (2002). Effect of parents, socioeconomic status, students, self-concept and gender on science-related attitudes and achievement (Doctoral Thesis). Lahore: IER, University of the Punjab.
Rana, A. M. K., & Bhatti, A. M. (2020). Attitudes of elementary teachers in Lahore towards professional development. Journal of Elementary Education, 30(1), 84-106.
Rollnick, M., Davidowitz,B., Keane,M. Bapoo,A. and Magadla,L. (2008). ―Students' learning-approach profiles in relation to their university experience and success. Teaching in Higher Education, 13(1), 29-42.
Rosenberg, M., & Kaplan, H. B. (1982). Social psychology of the self-concept. Arlington Heights, IL: Harlan Davidson.
Robbins, S.E., Lauver, K., Le, H., Davis, D., Langley, R., & Carlstrom, A. (2004). Do psychosocial and study skill factors predict college outcomes? A metaanalysis. Psychological Bulletin, 130 (2), 261-288.
Ryckman, D.B., & Peckham, P. (1987). Gender differences in attributions for success and failure situations across subject areas. Journal of Educational Research, 81, 120-125.
Simpson, R. D., Koballa, Jr., Oliver, J. S., & Crawely, F. E. (1994). Research on the affective dimension of science learning. In Dorothy Gabel (Ed.), Hand Book of Research in Science Teaching and Learning. New York: Macmillon.
Schunk, D.H. (1985). Self-efficacy and classroom learning. Psychology in the Schools, 22, 208–223.
Shavelson, R. J., & Bolus, R. (1982). Self-concept: The interplay of theory and methods. Journal of Educational Psychology, 74, 3-17.
Shell, D.F., Colvin, C., & Bruning, R.H. (1995). Self-efficacy, attribution, and outcome expectancy mechanisms in reading and writing achievement: Gradelevel and achievement-level differences. Journal of Educational Psychology, 87, 386–398.
Schunk, D. H. (1991). Self-efficacy and academic motivation. Educational Psychologist, 26, 207-231.
Schunk, D. H., Pintrich, P. R., & Meece, J. L. (2008). Motivation in education: Theory, research and applications (3rd Ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: MerrillPrentice Hall.
Smist, J. M. (1993). General chemistry and self-efficacy. (Report No. SE054247). Massachusetts. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED368558)
Smist, J. M., Archambault, F. X., & Owen, S. V. (1997, April). Gender and ethnic differences in attitude toward science and science self-efficacy among high school students. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco, CA.
Suldo, S.M. & Huebner, E.S. (2006). Is extremely high life satisfaction during adolescence advantageous? Social Indicators Research, 78, 179–203.
Abbas, F., Pervaiz, A., & Arshad, F. (2018). The competing status of Urdu and English after declaration of Urdu as official language in Pakistan. Journal of Research (Urdu), 34(1), 142-158.
Tarar, I.A., Rana, A.M.K. & Abbas, F. (2020). Right to Education: Comparative Study of Constitutional Contours, Legislative Initiatives and Institutional Arrangements in India and Pakistan. Elementary Education Online 19 (3), 3365-3371.
Abbas, F., & Iqbal, Z. (2018). Language Attitude of the Pakistani Youth towards English, Urdu and Punjabi: A Comparative Study. Pakistan Journal of Distance and Online Learning, 4(1), 199-214.
Tippins, D. J. (1991). The relationship of science self-efficacy and gender to ninth grade students’ intentions to enroll in elective science courses. (Report No. SE052385). Georgia. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED350144).
Tashakkori, A., & Teddlie, C. (2003). Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioral Research. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Wigfield, A., & Karpathian, M. (1991). Who am I and what can I do? Children's self-concepts and motivation in achievement situations. Educational Psychologist, 26, 233-261.
Wigfield, A. (1994). Expectancy-value theory of achievement motivation: A developmental perspective. Educational Psychology Review, 6, 49–78.
Wigfield, A., & Eccles, J. S. (2000). Expectancy-value theory of achievement motivation. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 68-81.
Wood, R.E., & Locke, E.A. (1987). The relation of self-efficacy and grade goals to academic performance. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 47, 1013-1024.
Yip, M. C. W., and Chung, O. L. L. (2005). ―Relationship of study strategies and academic performance in different learning phases of higher education in Hong Kong. Educational Research and Evaluation 11(1): 61-70.
Zeldin, A.L., & Pajares, F. (2000). Against the odds: Self-efficacy beliefs of women in mathematical, scientific, and technological careers. American Educational Research Journal, 37, 215–246
Zimmerman, B.J., & Bandura, A. (1994). Impact of self-regulatory influences on writing course attainment. American Educational Research Journal, 31, 845–862.
Zimmerman, B. J. (2000). Self-efficacy: An essential motive to learn. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25(1), 82-91.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.